The exchange may also act as a guarantor of settlement. This makes the stock more liquid and thus more attractive to many investors. Many large companies have their stocks listed on a stock exchange. Interior hall of the Helsinki Stock Exchange in Helsinki, Finland, 1965Ī stock exchange is an exchange (or bourse) where stockbrokers and traders can buy and sell shares (equity stock), bonds, and other securities. īy country, the largest stock markets as of January 2022 are in the United States of America (about 59.9%), followed by Japan (about 6.2%) and United Kingdom (about 3.9%). Apart from the Australian Securities Exchange, these 16 exchanges are all in North America, Europe, or Asia. Of these, there are 16 exchanges with a market capitalization of $1 trillion or more, and they account for 87% of global market capitalization. Īs of 2016, there are 60 stock exchanges in the world. The total market capitalizations of all publicly traded securities worldwide rose from US$2.5 trillion in 1980 to US$93.7 trillion at the end of 2020. 9.5 According to the type of asset traded.9.4 According to the geographical perspective.

9.3 According to the negotiation phase of financial assets.

5.2 Relation to the modern financial system.3.1.4 Determinants and possible explanations of stock market participation.3.1.2 Participation by income and wealth strata.

3.1 Demographics of market participation.

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